Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are an exciting category because the males and females have incredibly different feeding habits. Like any good-hearted insect, the male mosquito feeds exclusively on pollen and fruit juice. They’re not going to bite you or any other creature. However, the female has obligatory hematophagy, meaning she feeds on mammalian blood. She must gorge herself to produce eggs. 

Leeches

Many leeches survive as many fish do, swallowing smaller animals whole. But the most well-known, Hirudo Medicinalis, is a freshwater leech that attaches to other animals and sucks their blood. This leech has hundreds of tiny teeth that latch onto the creature, such as a mammal drinking at a pond. Hirudo Medicinalis has been a medical “instrument” for thousands of years and is still used in some medical applications today! 

Lampreys

Lampreys are one of the oldest fish on the planet. Not all of them are bloodsuckers, but some species bore into larger fish with their round, sucker-like mouths and hold on with their many teeth. Lampreys don’t often attack humans; they prefer cold-blooded fish, though they will latch onto whales. No documented lamprey attack on a human has been confirmed. It’s much more likely that bed bugs attack you, and while we don’t carry a lamprey spray, we do have an effective all-natural bed bug killer spray and bed bug traps. 

Oxpeckers

Hey, guess what, oxpeckers peck? That’s right, impalas. Oxpeckers are small yellow-and-orange-beaked birds living in the savanna of Africa, so there's no lack of large animals for them to clean off ticks: zebras, impalas, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and oxen (ah, there's the name).

Originally, the oxpeckers were thought to be helping the animals by removing ticks, but they're also known to open wounds on the animal's back, drink the blood, and eat the flesh. So... it's a wash?

Vampire Bats

Bats are the only mammals that can fly, and vampire bats are the only mammals that can live exclusively on blood. That makes them doubly remarkable!

There are three unique types of vampire bats:

• The typical vampire bat
• The white-winged vampire bat
• The hairy-legged vampire bat

They all live in Central or South America. Vampire bats have specialized bodies that get around the problems associated with a blood-based diet that prevents other animals from living on blood, problems like iron poisoning, overloading the kidneys with too much liquid, and giving the body too much protein in too short a time. (They also weigh 60 times less than the average human, one more reason a human vampire couldn’t exist.)

Vampire bats feed exclusively at night. They find a host, either a pig, cow, or, yes, a sleeping human, and make an incision with their top teeth, some of the sharpest in the animal kingdom. If the animal has hair or fur, it uses its teeth like a razor to shave it off. At that point, it starts lapping up the blood. Like many bloodsuckers, its saliva contains anticoagulants so that the blood doesn’t clot and flows easier into its mouth.

One last interesting point about vampire bats: they hop. They are very adept at bounding on the ground and going after mammals. While we usually say that flying makes a bloodsucker scarier, in this case, a razor-sharp-toothed pile of leathery wings hopping at you is worse!  

Vampire Ground Finches

Besides being a great band name, this is also a special vampiric bird. If you’ve ever heard of Darwin’s Finches, this is one of the 15 species he identified on the Galapagos Islands. The vampire ground finch is facultative hematophagous, so blood is only part of its diet. While most of their diet is made up of seeds, insects, and nectar, they also drink the blood of other birds, namely the Nazca and the blue-footed booby.

They’ll peck at these birds until they draw and drink the blood. In an exciting turn of events, the blue-footed booby doesn’t seem to mind; scientists believe that the birds assume they’re part of a symbiotic relationship and that the vampire ground finch is cleaning it of parasitic mites. Unfortunately for the booby, the finch took it one step too far.

Humans

Didn’t see that one coming, did you? While humans aren’t obligatory hematophagous like female mosquitoes or bed bugs, many cultures worldwide use facultative hematophagy as a supplemental food source. Most of the time, it is eaten to get the absolute most value from a slaughtered animal. In some cultures, the animal is kept alive and bled to obtain the blood; this can be done routinely or during emergencies. 

Blood is used as food throughout the world. The blood-based food that most of you might be familiar with is blood pudding, an English food consisting of blood and then thickened with spices and oatmeal. Sometimes, it’s called blood sausage, which certainly isn’t limited to the British Isles. Blood sausage is also found in various forms throughout North, Central, and South America. In Africa, the Maasai people often drink cattle blood mixed with milk during celebrations. In Asia, blood from many animals is used in many dishes, but the best one we found was deep-fried blood pudding on a stick. Yep, it’s a blood popsicle. Want to learn more about blood as human food? Check out this article!

As you can see, blood can provide enough nutrition to sustain small creatures and is a supplement to the diets of many animals. But even if you enjoy a blood-based meal every so often, it doesn’t mean that you have to feed those little bloodsuckers that get in your bed and feed on you at night. Kill those horrible little insects with our natural bed bug killer spray!